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docs/git/advanced/自建服务器.md
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docs/git/advanced/自建服务器.md
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# 自建服务器
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在云服务器上自建`git`服务器，最简单的方式就是创建裸仓库然后用`ssh`的方式进行代码的拉取和推送，参考[创建裸仓库](./创建裸仓库.md)
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下面实现一个规范的`git`服务器，类似第三方服务器(`github、coding、gitlab`等），其支持`ssh`和`http`协议的仓库操作，但不允许进行远程登录
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第三方仓库名如下：
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* `https://<domain-name>/<user-name>/<repo-name>.git`
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* `git@<domain-name>:<user-name>/<repo-name>.git`
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操作步骤如下：
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1. 创建用户`git`
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2. `ssh`设置
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3. 下载仓库
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## 创建用户`git`
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$ sudo adduser git
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正在添加用户"git"...
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正在添加新组"git" (1000)...
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正在添加新用户"git" (1000) 到组"git"...
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创建主目录"/home/git"...
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正在从"/etc/skel"复制文件...
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输入新的 UNIX 密码：
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重新输入新的 UNIX 密码：
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passwd: password updated successfully
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Changing the user information for git
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Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
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Full Name []:
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Room Number []:
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Work Phone []:
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Home Phone []:
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Other []:
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这些信息是否正确？ [Y/n]
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在`/data`目录下创建目录`repositories`，然后在里面创建一个裸仓库
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# 创建目录
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$ sudo mkdir -p /data/repositories
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# 设置用户和组
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$ sudo chown -R git:git /data/repositories
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# 设置可访问权限
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$ sudo chmod 755 /data/repositories/
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# 创建裸仓库
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$ git init --bare hello.git
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Initialized empty Git repository in /data/repositories/hello.git/
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## 设置ssh连接
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将客户端的`ssh`公钥添加到用户`git`的`.ssh/authorized_keys`文件中，即可实现`ssh`连接
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$ mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh
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$ touch .ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
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### 设置git-shell连接
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设置用户`git`仅能操作`git`相关内容，可以将用户`git`的登录`shell`设置为`git-shell`
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#查看用户git登录shell
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$ cat /etc/passwd | grep git
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git:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/git:/bin/bash
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修改为`git-shell`
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# 查找
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$ which git-shell
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/usr/bin/git-shell
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# 修改
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$ sudo vim /etc/passwd
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# 修改后
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$ cat /etc/passwd | grep git
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git:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell
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## 下载仓库
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下载仓库`hello.git`到本地
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$ git clone git@132.232.142.219:/data/repositories/hello.git
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Cloning into 'hello'...
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warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
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Checking connectivity... done.
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$ cd hello/
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$ ls -al
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total 12
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drwxrwxr-x 3 zj zj 4096 3月 9 16:29 .
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drwxr-xr-x 4 zj zj 4096 3月 9 16:29 ..
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drwxrwxr-x 7 zj zj 4096 3月 9 16:29 .git
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添加文件`hello.txt`，加入版本管理并上传
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$ touch hello.txt
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$ ls
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hello.txt
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$ git add hello.txt
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$ git commit -m "hello git"
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[master (root-commit) 24265ed] hello git
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1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
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create mode 100644 hello.txt
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$ git push -u origin master
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Counting objects: 3, done.
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Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 207 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
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Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
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To git@132.232.142.219:/data/repositories/hello.git
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* [new branch] master -> master
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Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
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### 配置config
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使用`config`文件可以简易仓库下载地址，在本地`~/.ssh`文件夹下新建配置文件`config`，添加如下
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$ cat config
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host git-server
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user server
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hostname 132.232.142.219
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port 22
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identityfile ~/.ssh/tencent_id_rsa
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# 设置访问权限
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$ sudo chmod 600 config
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**注意：用`tab`键保持文档格式**
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`config`文件指定了主机名`git-server`配置的用户名、`ip`地址、端口号和私钥地址
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添加配置文件后下载仓库地址如下
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$ git clone git-server:/data/repositories/hello.git
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Cloning into 'hello'...
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remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
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Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
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remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
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Checking connectivity... done.
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## ERROR
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* 问题一：`publickey denied`
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`ssh`连接失败，这个问题很迷，耗了`1`天时间，网上找了很多资料没有结果，有一个博客主也遇到了同样的问题，他最后解决是因为突然就可以了，我也一样
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* 问题二：`git is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.`
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是因为`git`没有添加到`sudo`权限，参考[xxx is not in the sudoers file.This incident will be reported.的解决方法](https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaochaoyxc/p/6206481.html)
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1. 先切换到`ubuntu`用户
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$ su ubuntu
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2. 赋予`sudo`文件写权限
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$ sudo chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
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3. 修改文件`/etc/sudoers`
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$ sudo vim /etc/sudoers
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# 添加
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youuser ALL=(ALL) ALL
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表示允许用户`youuser`执行`sudo`命令(需要输入密码)
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4. 撤销`sudo`文件写权限
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$ sudo chmod u-w /etc/sudoers
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5. 重新切换回原来用户
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$ su git
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* 问题三：`perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.utf8").`
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```
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$ sudo adduser zhujian
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perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
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perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
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LANGUAGE = (unset),
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LC_ALL = (unset),
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LC_MEASUREMENT = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_PAPER = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_NAME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_ADDRESS = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_TELEPHONE = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_IDENTIFICATION = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LC_TIME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
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LANG = "en_US.utf8"
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are supported and installed on your system.
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perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.utf8").
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Adding user `zhujian'ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+VVpw5kOZBmzJYz/vngYpAAV61Fq9oChSflQFkfzr1sKHRqq2/sqeZD3gzPQZbrKWcHbuGCWyQOvm1gH+67gW+TpUO9DWeeHqo3h5rlCW+ElJcL/q4b+ZBVEmGDjzE+Sg+6wM+izBl5xzHDFeLhN3Yw1OVc2rwQFQ/CD6FSKdL4b5bt0/5rpu65sv7haXjfDMSEsIVgPY5behLzZzoXy81iN4/tPF3cjDsn/x5Yywc60LdslJ5hW5wlozhq1LibUXk9JQu/+5DDZKi8ytMEoe1S7yROvaC/ofJQR22hINnFoLNBC8gSFM2YR+t9oBF0eiAaVwfgddA0+ScYrWA5Yr zj@zj-ThinkPad-T470p ...
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Adding new group `zhujian' (1000) ...
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Adding new user `zhujian' (1000) with group `zhujian' ...
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Creating home directory `/home/zhujian' ...
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...
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...
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```
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提示语言包问题，参考[perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.UTF-8")](https://blog.csdn.net/jmpjmpkiss/article/details/55098794)
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$ sudo apt install locales-all
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## 相关阅读
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* [搭建 Git 服务器](https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/labs/lab/10045)
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* [4.4 服务器上的 Git - 配置服务器](https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84-Git-%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8)
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* [干货 | 简单几步搭建一个远程git服务器](https://www.onelib.biz/blog/a/581047797628141c0fbfb0ed)
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