# 自建服务器

在云服务器上自建`git`服务器，最简单的方式就是创建裸仓库然后用`ssh`的方式进行代码的拉取和推送，参考[创建裸仓库](./创建裸仓库.md)

下面实现一个规范的`git`服务器，类似第三方服务器(`github、coding、gitlab`等），其支持`ssh`和`http`协议的仓库操作，但不允许进行远程登录

第三方仓库名如下：

* `https://<domain-name>/<user-name>/<repo-name>.git`
* `git@<domain-name>:<user-name>/<repo-name>.git`

操作步骤如下：

1. 创建用户`git`
2. `ssh`设置
3. 下载仓库

## 创建用户`git`

    $ sudo adduser git
    正在添加用户"git"...
    正在添加新组"git" (1000)...
    正在添加新用户"git" (1000) 到组"git"...
    创建主目录"/home/git"...
    正在从"/etc/skel"复制文件...
    输入新的 UNIX 密码： 
    重新输入新的 UNIX 密码： 
    passwd: password updated successfully
    Changing the user information for git
    Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
        Full Name []: 
        Room Number []: 
        Work Phone []: 
        Home Phone []: 
        Other []: 
    这些信息是否正确？ [Y/n]

在`/data`目录下创建目录`repositories`，然后在里面创建一个裸仓库

    # 创建目录
    $ sudo mkdir -p /data/repositories
    # 设置用户和组
    $ sudo chown -R git:git /data/repositories
    # 设置可访问权限
    $ sudo chmod 755 /data/repositories/
    # 创建裸仓库
    $ git init --bare hello.git
    Initialized empty Git repository in /data/repositories/hello.git/

## 设置ssh连接

将客户端的`ssh`公钥添加到用户`git`的`.ssh/authorized_keys`文件中，即可实现`ssh`连接

    $ mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh
    $ touch .ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys

### 设置git-shell连接

设置用户`git`仅能操作`git`相关内容，可以将用户`git`的登录`shell`设置为`git-shell`

    #查看用户git登录shell
    $ cat /etc/passwd | grep git
    git:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/git:/bin/bash

修改为`git-shell`

    # 查找
    $ which git-shell
    /usr/bin/git-shell
    # 修改
    $ sudo vim /etc/passwd
    # 修改后
    $ cat /etc/passwd | grep git
    git:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell

## 下载仓库

下载仓库`hello.git`到本地

    $ git clone git@132.232.142.219:/data/repositories/hello.git
    Cloning into 'hello'...
    warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
    Checking connectivity... done.
    $ cd hello/
    $ ls -al
    total 12
    drwxrwxr-x 3 zj zj 4096 3月   9 16:29 .
    drwxr-xr-x 4 zj zj 4096 3月   9 16:29 ..
    drwxrwxr-x 7 zj zj 4096 3月   9 16:29 .git

添加文件`hello.txt`，加入版本管理并上传

    $ touch hello.txt
    $ ls
    hello.txt
    $ git add hello.txt 
    $ git commit -m "hello git"
    [master (root-commit) 24265ed] hello git
    1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
    create mode 100644 hello.txt
    $ git push -u origin master 
    Counting objects: 3, done.
    Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 207 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
    Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
    To git@132.232.142.219:/data/repositories/hello.git
    * [new branch]      master -> master
    Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

### 配置config

使用`config`文件可以简易仓库下载地址，在本地`~/.ssh`文件夹下新建配置文件`config`，添加如下

    $ cat config 
    host git-server
        user server
        hostname 132.232.142.219
        port 22
        identityfile ~/.ssh/tencent_id_rsa
    # 设置访问权限
    $ sudo chmod 600 config

**注意：用`tab`键保持文档格式**

`config`文件指定了主机名`git-server`配置的用户名、`ip`地址、端口号和私钥地址

添加配置文件后下载仓库地址如下

    $ git clone git-server:/data/repositories/hello.git
    Cloning into 'hello'...
    remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
    Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
    remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
    Checking connectivity... done.

## ERROR

* 问题一：`publickey denied`

`ssh`连接失败，这个问题很迷，耗了`1`天时间，网上找了很多资料没有结果，有一个博客主也遇到了同样的问题，他最后解决是因为突然就可以了，我也一样

* 问题二：`git is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.`

是因为`git`没有添加到`sudo`权限，参考[xxx is not in the sudoers file.This incident will be reported.的解决方法](https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaochaoyxc/p/6206481.html)

1. 先切换到`ubuntu`用户

        $ su ubuntu

2. 赋予`sudo`文件写权限

        $ sudo chmod u+w /etc/sudoers

3. 修改文件`/etc/sudoers`

        $ sudo vim /etc/sudoers
        # 添加
        youuser ALL=(ALL) ALL

    表示允许用户`youuser`执行`sudo`命令(需要输入密码)

4. 撤销`sudo`文件写权限

        $ sudo chmod u-w /etc/sudoers

5. 重新切换回原来用户

        $ su git

* 问题三：`perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.utf8").`

```
$ sudo adduser zhujian
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = (unset),
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_MEASUREMENT = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_PAPER = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_NAME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_ADDRESS = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_TELEPHONE = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_IDENTIFICATION = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_TIME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LANG = "en_US.utf8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.utf8").
Adding user `zhujian'ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+VVpw5kOZBmzJYz/vngYpAAV61Fq9oChSflQFkfzr1sKHRqq2/sqeZD3gzPQZbrKWcHbuGCWyQOvm1gH+67gW+TpUO9DWeeHqo3h5rlCW+ElJcL/q4b+ZBVEmGDjzE+Sg+6wM+izBl5xzHDFeLhN3Yw1OVc2rwQFQ/CD6FSKdL4b5bt0/5rpu65sv7haXjfDMSEsIVgPY5behLzZzoXy81iN4/tPF3cjDsn/x5Yywc60LdslJ5hW5wlozhq1LibUXk9JQu/+5DDZKi8ytMEoe1S7yROvaC/ofJQR22hINnFoLNBC8gSFM2YR+t9oBF0eiAaVwfgddA0+ScYrWA5Yr zj@zj-ThinkPad-T470p ...
Adding new group `zhujian' (1000) ...
Adding new user `zhujian' (1000) with group `zhujian' ...
Creating home directory `/home/zhujian' ...
...
...
```

提示语言包问题，参考[perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.UTF-8")](https://blog.csdn.net/jmpjmpkiss/article/details/55098794)

    $ sudo apt install locales-all

## 相关阅读

* [搭建 Git 服务器](https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/labs/lab/10045)

* [4.4 服务器上的 Git - 配置服务器](https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84-Git-%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8)

* [干货 | 简单几步搭建一个远程git服务器](https://www.onelib.biz/blog/a/581047797628141c0fbfb0ed)